One specific project involves the ability to identify and separate cells based on specific immunological markers. In collaboration with a colleague at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, we have developed three new, patented immunomagnetic instruments. One of these instruments is an analytical device, while the other two are separation instruments. All three of these instruments have a large number of applications as indicated by the research support that includes the National Cancer Institute, the National Science Foundation, the Whitaker Foundation, and a private corporation. Some of these applications include: human stem cell separation for bone marrow transplants, isolation/separation of rare cancer cells circulating in human blood, and identification and separation of genetically engineered cells with specific phenotypes. Besides studying the engineering principles of this separation approach, exciting fundamental and applied biological questions are being addressed with respect to these isolated cells using the latest molecular techniques.